某市给水管网中铁释放现象影响因素与控制对策分析

针对某市管网水中铁浓度的变化规律进行了系统的研究,确定了管垢向管网水中释放出的铁是管网水中铁超标的主要原因.研究中发现铸铁管和镀锌钢管中管垢的主要化学组分为铁.在给水管网中,管网水的溶解氧和余氯浓度低时,对应的管网水中铁释放现象严重,其原因是还原条件使管垢表面的致密钝化层被破坏,造成二价铁的大量释放.根据试验结果提出了给水管网中铁释放和“红水”现象的控制对策.     

微生物法液相氧化SO2

通过对酸性水溶液、含Fe³⁺水溶液、含Fe²⁺水溶液、细菌菌液和细菌培养基水溶液脱除二氧化硫的实验,探讨了微生物液相氧化二氧化硫的途径.以液相中SO₄^2-浓度考察了Fe³⁺浓度、Fe²⁺浓度、进口SO₂浓度以及温度对脱硫成酸的影响.微生物脱硫有2种机制:一是直接氧化作用,即氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Thiobacillus ferrooxidans)将S(IV)氧化成S(VI);二是间接催化氧化,氧化亚铁硫杆菌在酸性条件下具有快速氧化Fe²⁺成Fe³⁺,增强Fe³⁺对SO₂的液相催化氧化能力,研究表明微生物脱硫以间接催化氧化为主.在浓度0～1.2g/L之间,Fe³⁺和Fe²⁺浓度越高,脱硫效果越好,氧化亚铁硫杆菌表现出对Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺体系氧化SO₂的强化效果.入口SO₂浓度越高,细菌脱硫效率越低,但液相中SO₄^2-浓度随进口SO₂浓度增加变化不大.温度对微生物脱硫影响较大,最佳脱硫温度为30～40℃.     

鞍山市铁矿景观格局变化的遥感调查

采用1997和2007年2个时相的卫星遥感数据,对鞍山市城区周边铁矿典型景观类型的面积及其10年来的变化进行了遥感调查和分析。结果表明,国有矿山采矿场的面积相对稳定,边界无明显变化,民营矿山采矿场面积增加明显。采矿场面积变化与开采方式有关,国有矿山采用深凹露天开采,对地表破坏较轻,民营矿山采用山坡露天开采,对地表破坏较严重。排岩场的总面积有所增加,个别矿区增加明显。复垦绿地有大幅度增加,但仍低于排岩场扩张的速度。     

氯化蒸馏废酸还原回收锗

以锗烟尘氯化蒸馏后的废盐酸为原料,以废铁为还原剂,使废酸中的有价金属锗以还原态沉淀富集在渣中,强化氧化氯化蒸馏回收四氯化锗,锗的综合回收率达94．10％。同时生产净水剂用液体氯化铁产品。     

水源更换对给水管网水质的影响研究

为了研究水源更换对给水管网水质的影响,对北方A市水源更换过程中管网水质理化指标进行了监测分析.通过33 h的监测发现,由于水源水质不同造成管网水质化学不稳定,管网水水质部分指标发生了明显的下降,pH从7.54降到7.18,碱度从188　mg·L^-1降到117 　mg·L^-1,氯化物从310 　mg·L^-1降到132 　mg·L^-1（以Cl^-计）,电导率从0.176　S·m^-1降到0.087 　S·m^-1,钙离子和镁离子略有下降分别为15 　mg·L^-1和11 　mg·L^-1,这些都是由于滦河水质与黄河水质不同造成的;余氯在换水过程中发生了较复杂的变化,主要是由于水源更换造成耗氯量增加以及夜间用水量少造成管网水输配时间长引起的;pH、碱度、余氯的变化使得管网水中铁的含量增加,最高达到0.4 　mg·L^-1,超出饮用水标准规定的0.3 　mg·L^-1.通过分析水源更换过程中水质的变化,提出了控制管网水质稳定的方法主要有提高pH、增加碱度、投加缓蚀剂和严格保证出厂水及管网水水质指标特别是余氯等.     

Degradation of chlorinated phenols by nanoscale zero-valent iron

Chlorophenols (CPs), as important contaminants in groundwater, are toxic and difficult to biodegrade. Recently nanoscale zero-valent iron received a great deal of attention because of its excellent performance in treating recalcitrant compounds. In this study, nanoscale zero-valent iron particles were prepared using chemical reduction, and the reductive transformations of three kinds of chlorinated phenols (2-CP, 3-CP, and 4-CP) by nanoscale zero-valent iron under different conditions were investigated. The transformation process of the CPs was shown to be dechlorination first, then cleavage of the benzene ring. The removal efficiency of the CPs varied as follows: 2-CP > 3-CP > 4-CP. The reactivity of CPs was associated with their energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbit (E _LUMO). With the increase in initial concentrations of CPs, removal efficiency decreased a little. But the quantities of CPs reduced increased evidently. Temperature had influence on not only the removal efficiency, but also the transformation pathway. At higher temperatures, dechlorination occurred prior to benzene ring cleavage. At lower temperatures, however, the oxidation product was formed more easily. __________ Translated from China Environmental Science, 2006, 26(6): 698–702 [译自: 中国环境科学]     

Arsenic and chromate removal from water by iron chips-Effects of anions

The purpose of this study is to estimate the removal efficiency of As and Cr (VI) by one kind of industrial waste — iron chips, as well as to estimate the effects of typical inorganic anions (sulfate, phosphate, and nitrate), and typical organic anions (citrate, oxalate, and humate) on As or Cr (VI) removal. The results showed that 98% of As (V) and 92% of As (III) could be removed from aqueous phase by the iron chips within 60 min. Compared with As species, Cr (VI) was removed much more rapidly and efficiently with 97% of Cr (VI) being removed within 25 min. The removal efficiency for arsenic was in the order: As (III) (sulfate), As (III) (nitrate) or As (III), As (III) (humate), As (III) (oxalate), As (III) (citrate), As (III) (phosphate), and for chromate was in the order: Cr (VI) (sulfate), Cr (VI) (phosphate) or Cr (VI) (nitrate) or Cr (VI) (oxalate), Cr (VI), Cr (VI) (citrate), Cr (VI) (humate). In all the treatments, pH level increased with time except for As (III), the removal of which was either without anions or in the presence of humate or nitrate.     

我国废钢加工设备发展中的问题及管理建议

我国钢铁工业的快速发展,带动了废钢回收及废钢加工设备产业的发展。介绍了我国废钢加工设备的生产规模及现状,对废钢加工设备制造企业多元化发展现象进行分析,并对废钢加工设备制造企业的规范化管理提出合理化建议。     

纳米铁强化的混凝-沉淀-过滤工艺对典型印染废水中有机物去除

以东江流域某典型印染企业尾水为研究对象,将混凝剂与少量的纳米铁进行复合投加,再结合多介质过滤器对印染尾水进行深度处理实验研究.结果表明,新型混凝剂HPAC-9对极性有机物具有较强的去除能力,但对非极性或弱极性有机物去除效果不很理想.通过将纳米铁与HPAC-9复合投加并结合多介质过滤工艺,对印染企业尾水中的有机污染物进行...     

铁屑对低浓度含铬地下水的处理研究

以某铬渣污染场地上抽提上来的低浓度含铬地下水作为实验研究对象。选用铁屑对含铬废水进行处理。通过静态试验考察了影响六价铬去除率的因素:pH、铁屑用量、反应时间,得到了较好的反应工艺参数。并在静态试验的基础上,用铁屑填充自制的反应柱研究了动态试验的效果。结果表明:六价铬的出水浓度低于0.05 mg/L,达到GB/T 14848-93《地下水质量标准》Ⅲ类排放标准。